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United States v. Flores-Mejia

Summarized by:

  • Court: 9th Circuit Court of Appeals Archives
  • Area(s) of Law: Sentencing
  • Date Filed: 08-09-2012
  • Case #: 11-50340
  • Judge(s)/Court Below: Circuit Judge Bybee for the Court; Circuit Judges B. Fletcher and Wardlaw

A conviction of robbery under California Penal Code 搂 211 is a categorical crime of violence under U.S.S.G. 搂 2L1.2.

Jose Flores-Mejia was twice convicted of robbery under California Penal Code 搂 211. Subsequently, after being deported to Mexico, Flores-Mejia was arrested after illegally reentering the United States. Flores-Mejia pleaded guilty to unlawful reentry, in violation of 8 U.S.C. 搂 1326(a). The Presentence Report proposed a sixteen-level enhancement in the offense level based on Flores-Mejia鈥檚 robbery convictions, which the report considered 鈥渃rimes of violence鈥 under U.S. Sentencing Guideline 搂 2L1.2(b)(1)(A)(ii). The district court imposed the sixteen-level enhancement. On appeal, Flores-Mejia argued that the California Supreme Court鈥檚 decision in People v. Anderson 鈥渂roadened the conduct falling within 搂 211 so that it is no longer categorically a crime of violence.鈥 The Ninth Circuit disagreed, finding that its decision in United States v. Becerril-Lopez (holding that 搂 211 is a categorical crime of violence under 搂 2L1.2) is not 鈥渃learly irreconcilable鈥 with Anderson (confirming that 鈥渢o commit robbery, the defendant must intentionally use force to effect the taking, but need not use force intentionally against the victim鈥). Thus, because 搂 211 falls within the 鈥渆numerated offenses鈥 definition of 搂 2L1.2, which includes robbery, Flores-Mejia鈥檚 convictions constitute a categorical crimes of violence. AFFIRMED.

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